The primary objective of surgical treatment for scoliosis is to realign and fuse the vertebrae together through a procedure known as spinal fusion surgery. This fusion creates a single, solid bone (vertebra) in the affected region.
Curvatures exceeding 45-50 degrees typically continue to progress even after puberty. Such progression can lead to impaired pulmonary function and adversely impact the patient's back appearance. Surgeons often recommend surgical intervention in these cases to correct or halt the progression of scoliosis.
For patients with scoliosis curvatures ranging from 40 to 50 degrees, the decision for surgery is carefully evaluated, taking various factors into account. It is crucial to discuss the matter with an experienced orthopedic surgeon to arrive at the best course of action.
With the aid of modern technology, surgeons can now achieve remarkable corrections of scoliosis curves, resulting in a more aesthetically pleasing appearance. Spinal fusion surgery, which involves fusing the curved vertebrae, has proven to be highly successful.
Before surgery, specialized tests, such as traction X-rays, can assess the flexibility of the scoliosis curve. This information helps the surgeon gauge the potential correction that can be achieved during the operation. More flexibility in the curve allows for greater correction possibilities.
Scoliosis surgery typically involves a straight incision in the middle of the back, slightly longer than the length of the vertebrae to be corrected. To minimize scarring, surgeons utilize aesthetic sutures and recommend the use of anti-keloid gels and sun protection for up to a year after surgery.
Surgical techniques, including derotation, correct the rib hump caused by scoliosis. In some cases, a procedure called thoracoplasty, which partially removes ribs, may be necessary to manage severe rib humps. As for back pain, it may initially increase after surgery but gradually diminishes over time, with many patients experiencing reduced pain levels one year post-surgery.
Spinal fusion surgery halts the abnormal region of the spine from growing, effectively preventing the progression of scoliosis.
To correct scoliosis, metal screws and rods are implanted to support and maneuver the vertebral column into a specific position. These implants are usually made from titanium or stainless steel and remain in the body permanently.
Scoliosis surgeons aim to fuse the fewest number of vertebrae possible to preserve post-surgery range of motion. Special X-rays are taken for surgical planning, and the surgeon uses precise maneuvers during the operation to achieve this goal.
Bone grafts are used to promote vertebral fusion. The options include autografts (taken from the patient's pelvis), allografts (from cadavers), and artificial or coral-based grafts.
Scoliosis surgery typically lasts between 4 to 8 hours, depending on the extent of curvature and the number of vertebrae to be fused. Post-operative pain varies among patients, with some experiencing more discomfort than others. Pain gradually decreases in the weeks following surgery, and most patients can return to school within 2 to 4 weeks.
After surgery, patients are generally required to avoid excessive bending and lifting heavy objects for three months. Light sports like swimming, jogging, and cycling are permissible after two months, while heavy and contact sports can usually resume after six months.
Patients can start going out to movies and theaters after they need minimal or no painkillers (typically 3-4 weeks post-surgery). They may resume driving once they no longer require pain medication, usually within 1.5-2 months after surgery.
Overall, surgical treatment for scoliosis offers the potential for significant correction and improved quality of life for patients, with a successful fusion procedure providing long-term stability and support.
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